Modified Fe₃O₄ Magnetite Core@Shell Type Nanomaterials for Highly-Responsive LPG Sensing: A Comparative Analysis

The present work focuses on the synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 magnetite core@shell type nanoparticles modified with three types ligands: Magnetite activated carbon (MAC), silica (tetraethoxysilane, TEOS, and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, APTES) (MTA) silica, APTES humic acids (MTAH). MTAH sample shows greater porosity in comparison to MTA, MAC samples. band gap is 4.08 eV, which higher than MTA (2.92 eV), (2.80 eV). Rietveld quantitative phase analysis all derivatives was performed compared LPG sensing at room temperature highest sensor response 9.42, 3.87 for MAC, 4.60 MTA. This approximately double increment justified help gap, porosity, size lowest response-recovery time 9.33 10.78 s respectively In conclusion, this manuscript describes procedure different materials along relation parameters materials.